This article argues that even in industrialized countries HIV-infected women should be allowed to choose how to feed their babies rather than being coerced into artificially feeding, as is now the practice nearly everywhere. This is because when they are on anti-retroviral drugs, have no measurable viral load, and exclusively breastfeed, the risk of HIV transmission is likely similar to the risk of death from not breastfeeding. Unlike what most health professionals and policy-makers assume, this risk is not zero. In fact, in the USA, not breastfeeding is the seventh largest cause of infant death. Click here to access the article.
Archive for the Category » HIV «
This reports on two studies done with funding I applied for from USAID Kenya. The purpose was to examine the infant feeding patterns of infants exposed to HIV and to observe the infant feeding counseling the mothers received, as well as doing interviews with a sample of mothers. Click here to open the pdf file.
This is a letter to the editor of the journal AIDS (Vol 23, issue 4, pp, 547-8).
Click here to open the pdf file.
Photo from Erika Andresen’s (formerly Bergström) thesis.
Click here to download the PDF file.
This is a power point presentation I gave in Dubai at the 1st Regional Conference on Human Lactation:
Breastfeeding for Healthier Generations. HIV and infant feeding policy making has come far in the past few years, but as of mid 2008, there is still a lot of confusion about when an HIV+ mother who is breastfeeding should stop. More importantly, how should the decision as to whether it is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS) to stop be taken?
Click here to download the presentation.

This letter to editor in response to an article by Paul Farmer that I wrote with colleagues in PATH and EGPAF, can be read here.
During 2005-6, with input from Kathy Krasovec, help from Jennifer Marcy, and graphic design work by Jennifer Fox (all of PATH), I created two algorithms to assist counselors in advising HIV-infected mothers when it might be acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe to stop breastfeeding. If you click on “more” below, you can see the letter I wrote providing some explanation and references for desiging diets for non-breastfed infants.
I also presented them at the WHO HIV and Infant Feeding Technical Consultation in October 2006 in Geneva. These simplied versions benefitted from feedback from two groups who reviewed them at that meeting.
Click here to see the algorithms (one for infants 6-12 mo and one for older infants) in powerpoint format, each divided in two, making the text larger and easier to read.
This is a letter to Lancet. Click here to download the pdf file.
IMAGE: Yemeni children from the village of Udain, 1978
This is a qualitative study from Tanya Doherty’s PhD at Uppsala University. It was funded by WHO.
Click here to download the Pdf file.
This letter to the editor of the journal AIDS comments on a paper published by Gray et al. Naturally it makes more sense if you have the Gray paper, and I will be happy to send it to anyone who writes and asks for it: tedgreiner@yahoo.com
Click here to open the letter in pdf format.








